Infrared Thermography: Myths and Realities in Buildings

Infrared thermography is far from a new technology in building inspection. Prohibitively expensive not so long ago, the now lower cost of the equipment has made thermal imaging cameras far more accessible to many professionals. Sometimes for the better, but also for the worse.

SEEING THROUGH WALLS

Let’s debunk a first myth: a thermal imaging camera does not let you see through walls. It is not an X-ray machine!

So what exactly does it do? Most clients who call our offices to request a thermographic survey don’t really know what this technology involves or how it can help them solve their problem.

In fact, a thermal camera detects temperature differentials coming from surfaces or objects. It detects emitted heat, nothing more, nothing less. It is a diagnostic aid.

Thanks to these temperature differences, infrared thermography can be used to detect:

• Insulation deficiencies;

• Air infiltration and exfiltration;

• Moisture-laden materials;

• Water infiltration;

• Electrical hazards;

• Overheating mechanical components, etc.

However, it is important to know that some of these problems will produce similar images on a thermal camera. That is why input from a building specialist is essential.

IS EVERYONE A THERMOGRAPHER?

Today, you can get a thermal imaging camera for a few thousand dollars. These devices are now also available in some large retail chains. A well-known manufacturer has even created an iPhone adapter! Very soon, thermal cameras will be accessible to everyone. On the flip side, unscrupulous salespeople or contractors will take advantage of the spectacular, impressive look of these colourful images to exaggerate minor problems or create problems where none exist.

The specialist you deal with should therefore be independent and ideally a member of a professional order (architect, engineer, technologist), because it is their experience and, above all, their expertise that will determine how they use this device.

There are two types of specialists with a thermal camera: the one who lists the defects observed… and the one who truly looks for the cause of the problem and proposes solutions.

The first will probably give you a very detailed report with nice colourful images. However, no specific cause will be identified and no way to correct the situation will be proposed. Worse, they will likely suggest you consult other specialists. Many of our clients have experienced this and ask us to review incomplete reports from so-called specialists.

The second will first perform a visual inspection and use their building science expertise well before taking the camera out of its case! They understand the camera’s advantages, but also its limits, and know the other means available to make a sound diagnosis. They will most likely conclude that it is essential to make openings to confirm the cause of the problem.

Of course, there are certifications for using thermal imaging cameras. They are often issued or sponsored by the camera manufacturers. However, there are no building science prerequisites for users of this technology. Consequently, it is important that the professional analyzing the thermal images follow a precise protocol and hold recognized qualifications beyond these certifications.

FIRST PRACTICAL EXAMPLE: IT’S COLD IN MY HOME

Infrared thermography can be used to detect construction defects that cause air exfiltration and heat loss. Thermal imaging can easily reveal a lack of insulation, for example. It then becomes possible to propose corrective work and reduce heating costs.

It is essential to know, however, that there is a major seasonal limitation: it must be cold outside before taking readings! There must be a minimum difference of at least 15°C (ideally more) between indoor and outdoor air for thermography to be truly effective in such a situation!

Also, be very critical of the results presented to you. Are they talking about a serious problem or about normal conditions that generally affect older buildings or buildings of similar construction to yours? Will correcting these defects be cost-effective compared to the expected benefits? Above all, can the improvement work wait and be done during future renovations to reduce costs even further?

A properly trained building professional will be able to answer these questions and prepare an action or maintenance plan tailored to your situation.

SECOND PRACTICAL EXAMPLE: IT’S RAINING THROUGH MY CEILING

In the case of water infiltration, a thermal camera can often reveal its extent. It facilitates diagnosis and gives good clues as to the source of the problem, such as plumbing, the roof, a wall or a window.

However, since it cannot see through walls, it cannot on its own confirm the exact cause of the problem. For that, the expert must use their technical knowledge, make openings and sometimes even carry out more thorough checks, such as water spray tests.

Thermography also cannot detect mould or fungi. Other types of analysis are needed for that.

Finally, in a case under dispute or in preparation for a trial, thermal images alone cannot constitute conclusive evidence.

In short, before blindly investing in a thermographic survey, we strongly recommend that you first consult a building professional.

OUR SERVICES:

Our team includes certified building investigation thermographers who are members of a professional order and building experts. Feel free to contact us with any questions and for more details on our services.

NIVOEX inc., building experts

T: 450-695-1265Toll-free: 1-855-595-1265info@nivoex.com

#insulation #Thermography #thermal #waterinfiltration #Thermographer

‍